...The Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company (NCWSC) was established in 2003 as a result of the Water Act (2002) and started its operations in 2004. Although significant improvements have been made in this short time, NCWSC still faces major challenges in its service area, particularly in Nairobis ever growing informal settlements. Due to the variety of infrastructure requirements, water supply and sanitation (WSS) as a public service poses an especially difficult hurdle in these densely populated areas. The lack of clear rules of ownership and tenure on state-owned land and privately owned housing structures have lead to high tenancy ratios, little faith in the future and haphazard solutions for provision of basic WSS services. Indeed, the vast majority of the informal residents purchase their water from semi-legal individual vendors, often paying up to 12.5 times more than a Nairobi consumer connected directly to the network

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